First is the Action Center which can be configured for security reasons as well as administrative task options. Second is the updated User Account Control (UAC). It was introduced first in Vista.

Next is the AppLocker which prevents some users access on certain applications. Biometric Security is next on the list.

Another feature that was introduced in Vista and updated for 7 is BitLocker. The sixth feature in the list is PowerShell v2.

Lastly, a feature that allows secure connection called DirectAccess.

Source: Techtree